What do environmental management policies generally include?

Environmental management policies aim to address the challenges posed by environmental degradation and sustainability. They typically encompass a comprehensive framework that integrates various approaches to achieve their goals. This includes:

• Targets: These are specific objectives set to reduce environmental impact and improve sustainability practices.

• Regulations: Government-imposed rules that mandate compliance with environmental standards, ensuring that industries adhere to environmentally friendly practices.

• Market-based policies: These initiatives involve economic incentives, such as taxes, subsidies, or cap-and-trade systems, which encourage businesses to lower emissions or invest in sustainable technologies.

• International agreements: Collaborative accords between countries that commit them to achieving global environmental standards and addressing transboundary environmental issues, like climate change.

Together, these components provide a multifaceted approach necessary for effective environmental management, ensuring that both the economic and ecological aspects are considered in policy-making. Other choices might include only limited aspects of environmental management, such as government regulations or voluntary agreements, which do not capture the full scope of what effective environmental management policies entail.