What does monopolisation generally refer to?

Monopolisation generally refers to a situation where a firm uses its dominant market position to eliminate competition, allowing it to control market prices and output levels. When a company achieves monopoly power, it can restrict supply or raise prices above competitive levels, ultimately reducing choices for consumers and potentially leading to less innovation in the market. The focus is on the consolidation of power within a single entity that seeks to minimize or eliminate the threats posed by competitors. This process can occur through tactics such as predatory pricing, mergers and acquisitions, and other strategies aimed at reducing competition.

The other options describe various market dynamics or interventions but do not align with the concept of monopolisation. The emergence of multiple competing firms represents a competitive market structure, which contrasts with monopolisation. Equal distribution of market shares among firms implies a perfectly competitive market, which directly opposes the idea of a single firm monopolising the market. Government interventions target market practices but do not inherently represent the concept of monopolisation itself, which primarily concerns the actions taken by firms rather than regulatory responses.