Which of the following statements is true about pollution?

The statement that pollution degrades the natural environment is accurate because pollution introduces harmful substances or factors into the environment, leading to detrimental effects on ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. The degradation can manifest in various ways, such as air and water contamination, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of natural cycles.

Pollution is a byproduct of many economic activities and often arises when resources are not managed sustainably, which leads to negative externalities that affect not just the immediate area but also broader ecological systems. The impact on the environment can have long-term consequences, affecting climate, agriculture, and overall quality of life for populations.

In contrast, the other statements present misunderstandings of pollution. Efficient resource management aims to minimize waste and environmental impact, making option A incorrect. While pollution can sometimes exhibit characteristics of public goods in terms of its spread (like clean air), it is typically classified as a negative externality rather than a public good, making option C incorrect. Lastly, pollution is not beneficial for economic conditions; instead, it often leads to health costs, cleanup expenses, and loss of productivity, which means option D does not align with the effects of pollution on the economy.