Which type of changes are referred to as structural or discretionary changes?

The correct answer highlights changes in government policy that require legislative approval. This signifies significant alterations in economic policy, often involving extensive debate, discussion, and formal voting processes in the legislative body.

Structural changes relate to the underlying framework of economic management and governance. Such changes typically address long-term adjustments that can reshape sectors or systems within the economy, such as tax reforms or the introduction of new regulations. These require careful consideration and legislative endorsement, reflecting their nature as discretionary actions dictated by governmental authority.

The other options do not align with this concept. For instance, changes that do not require discretion typically involve automatic adjustments based on established criteria or regulations, while those based on fixed formulas indicate predictable and unchanging methods of implementation, lacking the variability associated with discretionary policymaking. Additionally, changes made without economic analysis lack the rigorous examination often necessary in the context of structural reforms, which should be informed by evidence and careful planning.